| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1536 |
| In-book reference | : Book 25, Hadith 24 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 26, Hadith 610 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2560 |
| In-book reference | : Book 50, Hadith 1 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 735 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Da'if (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2248 |
| In-book reference | : Book 33, Hadith 91 |
| English translation | : Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2248 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) [Bukhari 4986] (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Musnad Ahmad 76 |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 72 |
Waki' reported (this hadith) with the same chain of transmitters (that the Holy Prophet) said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 633b |
| In-book reference | : Book 5, Hadith 268 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 4, Hadith 1323 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
وَفِي رِوَايَةِ جُنْدُبِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْبَجَلِيِّ أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ قَالَ: «كَيْفَ تَصْنَعُ بِلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ إِذَا جَاءَتْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ؟» . قَالَهُ مِرَارًا. رَوَاهُ مُسلم
| مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ, صَحِيح (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Reference | : Mishkat al-Masabih 3450, 3451 |
| In-book reference | : Book 16, Hadith 5 |
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "Say Amen when the Imam says 'Ghairi l-maghdubi `alaihim wala d-daalleen' (not the path of those who earn Your Anger (such as Jews) nor of those who go astray (such as Christians)); all the past sins of the person whose saying (of Amin) coincides with that of the angels, will be forgiven".
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 782 |
| In-book reference | : Book 10, Hadith 177 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 749 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Jundab bin `Abdullah:
Gabriel did not come to the Prophet (for some time) and so one of the Quraish women said, "His Satan has deserted him." So came the Divine Revelation: "By the forenoon And by the night When it is still! Your Lord (O Muhammad) has neither Forsaken you Nor hated you." (93.1-3)
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1125 |
| In-book reference | : Book 19, Hadith 5 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 21, Hadith 225 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
Allah's Apostle said to me, "Were your people not close to the Pre-Islamic period of ignorance, I would have demolished the Ka`ba and would have rebuilt it on its original foundations laid by Abraham (for Quraish had curtailed its building), and I would have built a back door (too)."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1585 |
| In-book reference | : Book 25, Hadith 71 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 26, Hadith 655 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Wabra:
I asked Ibn `Umar, "When should I do the Rami of the Jimar?" He replied, "When your leader does that." I asked him again the same question. He replied, "We used to wait till the sun declined and then we would do the Rami (i.e. on the 11th and 12th of Dhul-Hijja)."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1746 |
| In-book reference | : Book 25, Hadith 224 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 26, Hadith 802 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Usama:
Once the Prophet stood at the top of a (looked out from upon one) castle amongst the castles (or the high buildings) of Medina and said, "Do you see what I see? (No doubt) I see the spots where afflictions will take place among your houses (and these afflictions will be) as numerous as the spots where raindrops fall."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1878 |
| In-book reference | : Book 29, Hadith 12 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 30, Hadith 102 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Um Salama:
The Prophet vowed to keep aloof from his wives for a period of one month, and after the completion of 29 days he went either in the morning or in the afternoon to his wives. Someone said to him "You vowed that you would not go to your wives for one month." He replied, "The month is of 29 days."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1910 |
| In-book reference | : Book 30, Hadith 20 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 31, Hadith 134 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Sa`d that his father said:
`Abdur-Rahman bin `Auf said to Suhaib, 'Fear Allah and do not ascribe yourself to somebody other than your father.' Suhaib replied, 'I would not like to say it even if I were given large amounts of money, but I say I was kidnapped in my childhood.' "
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2219 |
| In-book reference | : Book 34, Hadith 166 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 34, Hadith 422 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Usama bin Zaid:
Once the Prophet stood at the top of one of the castles (or higher buildings) of Medina and said, "Do you see what I see? No doubt I am seeing the spots of afflictions amongst your houses as numerous as the spots where raindrops fall (during a heavy rain). (See Hadith No. 102)
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2467 |
| In-book reference | : Book 46, Hadith 28 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 43, Hadith 647 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Aisha:
Once the Prophet came to me while a man was in my house. He said, "O `Aisha! Who is this (man)?" I replied, "My foster brothers" He said, "O `Aisha! Be sure about your foster brothers, as fostership is only valid if it takes place in the suckling period (before two years of age).
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2647 |
| In-book reference | : Book 52, Hadith 11 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 48, Hadith 815 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu Sa`id:
The Prophet said, "You will follow the wrong ways, of your predecessors so completely and literally that if they should go into the hole of a mastigure, you too will go there." We said, "O Allah's Apostle! Do you mean the Jews and the Christians?" He replied, "Whom else?" (Meaning, of course, the Jews and the Christians.)
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 3456 |
| In-book reference | : Book 60, Hadith 123 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 4, Book 55, Hadith 662 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ibn Mas`ud:
The Prophet said, "Soon others will be preferred to you, and there will be things which you will not like." The companions of the Prophet asked, "O Allah's Apostle! What do you order us to do (in this case)? " He said, "(I order you) to give the rights that are on you and to ask your rights from Allah."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 3603 |
| In-book reference | : Book 61, Hadith 110 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 4, Book 56, Hadith 800 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Al-Bara:
We prayed along with the Prophet facing Jerusalem for sixteen or seventeen months. Then Allah ordered him to turn his face towards the Qibla (in Mecca):-- "And from whence-so-ever you start forth (for prayers) turn your face in the direction of (the Sacred Mosque of Mecca) Al-Masjid-ul Haram.." (2.149)
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4492 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 19 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 19 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Al-Bara':
When the order of compulsory fasting of Ramadan was revealed, the people did not have sexual relations with their wives for the whole month of Ramadan, but some men cheated themselves (by violating that restriction). So Allah revealed: "Allah is aware that you were deceiving yourselves but He accepted your repentance and forgave you.." (3.187)
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4508 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 35 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 35 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Abdullah (bin Masud):
On the day of Badr, Al-Miqdad said, "O Allah's Apostle! We do not say to you as the children of Israel said to Moses, 'Go you and your Lord and fight you two; we are sitting here, (5.24) but (we say). "Proceed, and we are with you." That seemed to delight Allah's Apostle greatly.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4609 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 131 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 133 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
that the Prophet entered upon her while a man was sitting with her. Signs of answer seemed to appear on his face as if he disliked that. She said, "Here is my (foster) brother." He said, "Be sure as to who is your foster brother, for foster suckling relationship is established only when milk is the only food of the child."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5102 |
| In-book reference | : Book 67, Hadith 40 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 7, Book 62, Hadith 39 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
Hind bint `Utba said, "O Allah's Apostle! Abu Sufyan is a miser and he does not give me what is sufficient for me and my children. Can I take of his property without his knowledge?" The Prophet said, "Take what is sufficient for you and your children, and the amount should be just and reasonable.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5364 |
| In-book reference | : Book 69, Hadith 14 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 7, Book 64, Hadith 277 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu Huraira:
The Prophet said, "Beware of suspicion, for suspicion is the worst of false tales; and do not look for the others' faults and do not spy, and do not be jealous of one another, and do not desert (cut your relation with) one another, and do not hate one another; and O Allah's worshipers! Be brothers (as Allah has ordered you!")
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 6064 |
| In-book reference | : Book 78, Hadith 94 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 8, Book 73, Hadith 90 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
Allah's Apostle met `Umar bin Al-Khattab while the latter was going with a group of camel-riders, and he was swearing by his father. The Prophet said, "Lo! Allah forbids you to swear by your fathers, so whoever has to take an oath, he should swear by Allah or keep quiet."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 6646 |
| In-book reference | : Book 83, Hadith 25 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 8, Book 78, Hadith 641 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
I saw in a dream a piece of silken cloth in my hand, and in whatever direction in Paradise I waved it, it flew, carrying me there. I narrated this (dream) to (my sister) Hafsa and she told it to the Prophet who said, (to Hafsa), "Indeed, your brother is a righteous man," or, "Indeed, `Abdullah is a righteous man."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 7015, 7016 |
| In-book reference | : Book 91, Hadith 33 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 9, Book 87, Hadith 143 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Abdullah:
Allah's Apostle said to us, "You will see after me, selfishness (on the part of other people) and other matters that you will disapprove of." They asked, "What do you order us to do, O Allah's Apostle? (under such circumstances)?" He said, "Pay their rights to them (to the rulers) and ask your right from Allah."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 7052 |
| In-book reference | : Book 92, Hadith 5 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 9, Book 88, Hadith 175 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Az-Zubair bin `Adi:
We went to Anas bin Malik and complained about the wrong we were suffering at the hand of Al- Hajjaj. Anas bin Malik said, "Be patient till you meet your Lord, for no time will come upon you but the time following it will be worse than it. I heard that from the Prophet."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 7068 |
| In-book reference | : Book 92, Hadith 19 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 9, Book 88, Hadith 188 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Anas:
The Prophet said, "No prophet was sent but that he warned his followers against the one-eyed liar (Ad-Dajjal). Beware! He is blind in one eye, and your Lord is not so, and there will be written between his (Ad-Dajjal's) eyes (the word) Kafir (i.e., disbeliever)." (This Hadith is also quoted by Abu Huraira and Ibn `Abbas).
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 7131 |
| In-book reference | : Book 92, Hadith 78 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 9, Book 88, Hadith 245 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5979 |
| In-book reference | : Book 78, Hadith 10 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 73, Hadith 9 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih (Al-Albani) | صحيح (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Reference | : Sunan Abi Dawud 3126 |
| In-book reference | : Book 21, Hadith 38 |
| English translation | : Book 20, Hadith 3120 |
Anas b. Malik reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 310 |
| In-book reference | : Book 3, Hadith 31 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 3, Hadith 607 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
It has been narrated on the authority of Shaqiq who said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1785b |
| In-book reference | : Book 32, Hadith 116 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 19, Hadith 4406 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahīh (Zubair `Aliza'i) | صَحِيحٌ (الألباني) | حكم : |
| صحیح (زبیر علی زئی) |
| Reference | : Mishkat al-Masabih 39 |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 35 |
Anas reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 203 |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 406 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 1, Hadith 398 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 119c |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 223 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 1, Hadith 215 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Hasan (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3618 |
| In-book reference | : Book 49, Hadith 14 |
| English translation | : Vol. 1, Book 46, Hadith 3618 |
[Al- Bukhari].
| Reference | : Riyad as-Salihin 352 |
| In-book reference | : Introduction, Hadith 352 |
| Reference | : Mishkat al-Masabih 1371, 1372, 1373 |
| In-book reference | : Book 4, Hadith 776 |
Narrated Aisha:
(the wife of the Prophet) The commencement (of the Divine Inspiration) to Allah's Apostle was in the form of true dreams in his sleep, for he never had a dream but it turned out to be true and clear as the bright daylight. Then he began to like seclusions, so he used to go in seclusion in the cave of Hira where he used to worship Allah continuously for many nights before going back to his family to take the necessary provision (of food) for the stay. He come back to (his wife) Khadija again to take his provision (of food) likewise, till one day he received the Guidance while he was in the cave of Hira. An Angel came to him and asked him to read. Allah's Apostle replied, "I do not know how to read." The Prophet added, "Then the Angel held me (forcibly) and pressed me so hard that I felt distressed. Then he released me and again asked me to read, and I replied, 'I do not know how to read.' Thereupon he held me again and pressed me for the second time till I felt distressed. He then released me and asked me to read, but again I replied. 'I do not know how to read.' Thereupon he held me for the third time and pressed me till I got distressed, and then he released me and said, 'Read, in the Name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists), has created man out of a clot, Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught (the writing) by the pen, has taught man that which he knew not." (96.1-5). Then Allah's Apostle returned with that experience; and the muscles between his neck and shoulders were trembling till he came upon Khadija (his wife) and said, "Cover me!" They covered him, and when the state of fear was over, he said to Khadija, "O Khadija! What is wrong with me? I was afraid that something bad might happen to me." Then he told her the story. Khadija said, "Nay! But receive the good tidings! By Allah, Allah will never disgrace you, for by Allah, you keep good relations with your Kith and kin, speak the truth, help the poor and the destitute, entertain your guests generously and assist those who are stricken with calamities." Khadija then took him to Waraqa bin Naufil, the son of Khadija's paternal uncle. Waraqa had been converted to Christianity in the Pre-lslamic Period and used to write Arabic and write of the Gospel in Arabic as much as Allah wished him to write. He was an old man and had lost his eyesight. Khadija said (to Waraqa), "O my cousin! Listen to what your nephew is going to say." Waraqa said, "O my nephew! What have you seen?" The Prophet then described whatever he had seen. Waraqa said, "This is the same Angel (Gabriel) who was sent to Moses. I wish I were young." He added some other statement. Allah's Apostle asked, "Will these people drive me out?" Waraqa said, "Yes, for nobody brought the like of what you have brought, but was treated with hostility. If I were to remain alive till your day (when you start preaching). then I would support you strongly." But a short while later Waraqa died and the Divine Inspiration was paused (stopped) for a while so that Allah's Apostle was very much grieved.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4953 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 475 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 478 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
Fatima bint Abi Hubaish asked the Prophet, "I got persistent bleeding (in between the periods) and do not become clean. Shall I give up prayers?" He replied, "No, this is from a blood vessel. Give up the prayers only for the days on which you usually get the menses and then take a bath and offer your prayers."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 325 |
| In-book reference | : Book 6, Hadith 30 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 6, Hadith 322 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Yahya as above (586) and added:
"Some of my companions told me that Hisham had said, "When the Mu'adh-dhin said, "Haiyi `alassala (come for the prayer)." Muawiya said, "La hawla wala quwata illa billah (There is neither might nor any power except with Allah)" and added, "We heard your Prophet saying the same."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 613 |
| In-book reference | : Book 10, Hadith 11 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 11, Hadith 587 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ash-Shaibani:
Ash-Shu`bi said, "Somebody who passed along with your Prophet (p.b.u.h) by a grave that was separate from the other graves informed me (saying), "The Prophet led us (in the prayer) and we aligned behind him." We said, "O Abu `Amr! Who told you this narration?" He replied, "Ibn `Abbas."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1322 |
| In-book reference | : Book 23, Hadith 79 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 23, Hadith 408 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
The Prophet looked at the people of the well (the well in which the bodies of the pagans killed in the Battle of Badr were thrown) and said, "Have you found true what your Lord promised you?" Somebody said to him, "You are addressing dead people." He replied, "You do not hear better than they but they cannot reply."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1370 |
| In-book reference | : Book 23, Hadith 122 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 23, Hadith 452 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Al-Qasim bin Muhammad:
`Aisha said, "O Allah's Apostle! You performed `Umra but I did not." He said, "O `Abdur-Rahman! Go along with your sister and let her perform `Umra from Tan`im." `Abdur-Rahman made her ride over the packsaddle of a she-camel and she performed `Umra.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1518 |
| In-book reference | : Book 25, Hadith 6 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 26, Hadith 593 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
Hafsa said, "O Allah's Apostle! What is wrong with the people; they finished their Ihram after performing `Umra, but you have not finished it after your `Umra?" He replied, "I matted my hair and have garlanded my Hadi. So, I cannot finish my Ihram till I slaughter (my Hadi). "
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1725 |
| In-book reference | : Book 25, Hadith 203 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 26, Hadith 783 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu `Ubaid:
(the slave of Ibn Azhar) I witnessed the `Id with `Umar bin Al-Khattab who said, Allah's Apostle has forbidden people to fast on the day on which you break fasting (the fasts of Ramadan) and the day on which you eat the meat of your sacrifices (the first day of `Id ul Fitr and `Id ul-Adha).
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد اللَّهِ قَالَ ابْنُ عُيَيْنَةَ مَنْ قَالَ مَوْلَى ابْنِ أَزْهَرَ فَقَدْ أَصَابَ وَمَنْ قَالَ مَوْلَى عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ فَقَدْ أَصَابَ
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1990 |
| In-book reference | : Book 30, Hadith 97 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 31, Hadith 211 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ibn `Umar:
Some men amongst the companions of the Prophet were shown in their dreams that the night of Qadr was in the last seven nights of Ramadan. Allah's Apostle said, "It seems that all your dreams agree that (the Night of Qadr) is in the last seven nights, and whoever wants to search for it (i.e. the Night of Qadr) should search in the last seven (nights of Ramadan).
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2015 |
| In-book reference | : Book 32, Hadith 2 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 32, Hadith 232 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Anas:
The Emigrants and the Ansar started digging the trench around Medina carrying the earth on their backs and saying, "We are those who have given a pledge of allegiance to Muhammad that we will I carry on Jihad as long as we live." The Prophet kept on replying, "O Allah, there is no good except the good of the Hereafter; so confer Your Blessings on the Ansar and the Emigrants."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2835 |
| In-book reference | : Book 56, Hadith 51 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 4, Book 52, Hadith 88 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "When the Imam says: 'Ghair-il-Maghdubi `alaihim Walad-Dallin (i.e. not the path of those who earn Your Anger, nor the path of those who went astray (1.7)), then you must say, 'Ameen', for if one's utterance of 'Ameen' coincides with that of the angels, then his past sins will be forgiven."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4475 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 2 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 2 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle was presented with two cups one containing wine and the other milk on the night of his night journey at Jerusalem. He looked at it and took the milk. Gabriel said, "Thanks to Allah Who guided you to the Fitra (i.e. Islam); if you had taken the wine, your followers would have gone astray.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4709 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 231 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 232 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |