| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 966 |
| In-book reference | : Book 11, Hadith 91 |
| English translation | : Vol. 2, Book 11, Hadith 967 |
Narrated Al-Aswad:
`Abdullah the slave of Asma bint Abu Bakr, told me that he used to hear Asma', whenever she passed by Al-Hajun, saying, "May Allah bless His Apostle Muhammad. Once we dismounted here with him, and at that time we were traveling with light luggage; we had a few riding animals and a little food ration. I, my sister, `Aisha, Az-Zubair and such and such persons performed `Umra, and when we had passed our hands over the Ka`ba (i.e. performed Tawaf round the Ka`ba and between As-Safa and Al- Marwa) we finished our lhram. Later on we assumed Ihram for Hajj the same evening."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1796 |
| In-book reference | : Book 26, Hadith 21 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 27, Hadith 22 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Asma' bint Abu Bakr:
I conceived `Abdullah bin AzZubair at Mecca and went out (of Mecca) while I was about to give birth. I came to Medina and encamped at Quba', and gave birth at Quba'. Then I brought the child to Allah's Apostle and placed it (on his lap). He asked for a date, chewed it, and put his saliva in the mouth of the child. So the first thing to enter its stomach was the saliva of Allah's Apostle. Then he did its Tahnik with a date, and invoked Allah to bless him. It was the first child born in the Islamic era, therefore they (Muslims) were very happy with its birth, for it had been said to them that the Jews had bewitched them, and so they would not produce any offspring.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5469 |
| In-book reference | : Book 71, Hadith 3 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 7, Book 66, Hadith 378 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Hasan (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 1945 |
| In-book reference | : Book 21, Hadith 128 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 21, Hadith 1947 |
| Reference | : Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 852 |
| In-book reference | : Book 35, Hadith 11 |
| English translation | : Book 35, Hadith 852 |
Al-Bara' b. 'Azib reported that Abu Bakr Siddiq came to the residence of my father ('Azib) and bought a haudaj from him and said to 'Azib:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 2009c |
| In-book reference | : Book 55, Hadith 95 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 42, Hadith 7150 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'Abdullah b. Zam'a reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) delivered an address and he made a mention of the dromedary and also made a mention of one (base person) who cut off Its hind legs, and he recited:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 2855 |
| In-book reference | : Book 53, Hadith 60 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 40, Hadith 6837 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1027a |
| In-book reference | : Book 12, Hadith 108 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 5, Hadith 2239 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Jabir b. 'Abdullah reported that A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) entered into the state of Ihram (separately) for 'Umra while the Prophet (may peace be upon him) was performing Hajj. The rest of the hadith is the same, but with this addition:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1213c |
| In-book reference | : Book 15, Hadith 148 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 7, Hadith 2793 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 834 |
| In-book reference | : Book 10, Hadith 58 |
| English translation | : Vol. 1, Book 10, Hadith 835 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 2957 |
| In-book reference | : Book 24, Hadith 340 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 24, Hadith 2960 |
Jundub reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 532 |
| In-book reference | : Book 5, Hadith 28 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 4, Hadith 1083 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Abu Bakr b. 'Abd al-Rahman reported that when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) married Umm Salama and he visited her, and when he intended to come out, she caught hold of his cloth. whereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1460c |
| In-book reference | : Book 17, Hadith 56 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 8, Hadith 3445 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| ضَعِيف (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Sunnah.com reference | : Book 30, Hadith 192 |
| English translation | : Book 26, Hadith 0 |
| Arabic reference | : Book 30, Hadith 6177 |
| Reference | : Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 48 |
| In-book reference | : Book 2, Hadith 2 |
| English translation | : Book 2, Hadith 48 |
| Reference | : Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 559 |
| In-book reference | : Book 30, Hadith 22 |
| English translation | : Book 30, Hadith 559 |
| Reference | : Al-Adab Al-Mufrad 1152 |
| In-book reference | : Book 46, Hadith 17 |
| English translation | : Book 46, Hadith 1152 |
Narrated Anas:
When it was the day of Uhud, the people left the Prophet while Abu Talha was in front of the Prophet shielding him with his leather shield. Abu Talha was a skillful archer who used to shoot violently. He broke two or three arrow bows on that day. If a man carrying a quiver full of arrows passed by, the Prophet would say (to him), put (scatter) its contents for Abu Talha." The Prophet would raise his head to look at the enemy, whereupon Abu Talha would say, "Let my father and mother be sacrificed for you ! Do not raise your head, lest an arrow of the enemy should hit you. (Let) my neck (be struck) rather than your neck." I saw `Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr, and Um Sulaim rolling up their dresses so that I saw their leg-bangles while they were carrying water skins on their backs and emptying them in the mouths of the (wounded) people. They would return to refill them and again empty them in the mouths of the (wounded) people. The sword fell from Abu Talha's hand twice or thrice (on that day).
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4064 |
| In-book reference | : Book 64, Hadith 109 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 5, Book 59, Hadith 393 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1478 |
| In-book reference | : Book 18, Hadith 39 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 9, Hadith 3506 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Urwa:
`Aisha said, "The first thing the Prophet did on reaching Mecca, was the ablution and then he performed Tawaf of the Ka`ba and that was not `Umra (alone), (but Hajj-al-Qiran). `Urwa added: Later Abu Bakr and `Umar did the same in their Hajj." And I performed the Hajj with my father Az- Zubair, and the first thing he did was Tawaf of the Ka`ba. Later I saw the Muhajirin (Emigrants) and the Ansar doing the same. My mother (Asma') told me that she, her sister (`Aisha), Az-Zubair and such and such persons assumed Ihram for `Umra, and after they passed their hands over the Black Stone Corner (of the Ka`ba) they finished the Ihram. (i.e. After doing Tawaf of the Ka`ba and Sa`i between Safa-Marwa.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1614, 1615 |
| In-book reference | : Book 25, Hadith 100 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 26, Hadith 683 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Aisha:
`Abdur-Rahman bin Abu Bakr entered upon the Prophet while I was supporting the Prophet on my chest. `AbdurRahman had a fresh Siwak then and he was cleaning his teeth with it. Allah's Apostle looked at it, so I took the Siwak, cut it (chewed it with my teeth), shook it and made it soft (with water), and then gave it to the Prophet who cleaned his teeth with it. I had never seen Allah's Apostle cleaning his teeth in a better way. After finishing the brushing of his teeth, he lifted his hand or his finger and said thrice, "O Allah! Let me be with the highest companions," and then died. `Aisha used to say, "He died while his head was resting between my chest and chin."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4438 |
| In-book reference | : Book 64, Hadith 459 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 5, Book 59, Hadith 722 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Yusuf bin Mahak:
Marwan had been appointed as the governor of Hijaz by Muawiya. He delivered a sermon and mentioned Yazid bin Muawiya so that the people might take the oath of allegiance to him as the successor of his father (Muawiya). Then `Abdur Rahman bin Abu Bakr told him something whereupon Marwan ordered that he be arrested. But `Abdur-Rahman entered `Aisha's house and they could not arrest him. Marwan said, "It is he (`AbdurRahman) about whom Allah revealed this Verse:-- 'And the one who says to his parents: 'Fie on you! Do you hold out the promise to me..?'" On that, `Aisha said from behind a screen, "Allah did not reveal anything from the Qur'an about us except what was connected with the declaration of my innocence (of the slander).
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4827 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 349 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 352 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Ibn `Abbas and `Aisha:
Abu Bakr kissed (the forehead of) the Prophet when he was dead. `Aisha added: We put medicine in one side of his mouth but he started waving us not to insert the medicine into his mouth. We said, "He dislikes the medicine as a patient usually does." But when he came to his senses he said, "Did I not forbid you to put medicine (by force) in the side of my mouth?" We said, "We thought it was just because a patient usually dislikes medicine." He said, "None of those who are in the house but will be forced to take medicine in the side of his mouth while I am watching, except Al-`Abbas, for he had not witnessed your deed."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5709-5712 |
| In-book reference | : Book 76, Hadith 29 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 7, Book 71, Hadith 610 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:
It was said to `Umar, "Will you appoint your successor?" `Umar said, "If I appoint a Caliph (as my successor) it is true that somebody who was better than I (i.e., Abu Bakr) did so, and if I leave the matter undecided, it is true that somebody who was better than I (i.e., Allah's Apostle) did so." On this, the people praised him. `Umar said, "People are of two kinds: Either one who is keen to take over the Caliphate or one who is afraid of assuming such a responsibility. I wish I could be free from its responsibility in that I would receive neither reward nor retribution I won't bear the burden of the caliphate in my death as I do in my life."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 7218 |
| In-book reference | : Book 93, Hadith 78 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 9, Book 89, Hadith 325 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 2663 |
| In-book reference | : Book 24, Hadith 45 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 24, Hadith 2664 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4912 |
| In-book reference | : Book 46, Hadith 43 |
| English translation | : Vol. 5, Book 46, Hadith 4916 |
Narrated Mujahid:
Somebody came to the house of Ibn `Umar and told him that Allah's Apostles had entered the Ka`ba. Ibn `Umar said, "I went in front of the Ka`ba and found that Allah's Apostle had come out of the Ka`ba and I saw Bilal standing by the side of the gate of the Ka`ba. I said, 'O Bilal! Has Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) prayed inside the Ka`ba?' Bilal replied in the affirmative. I said, 'Where (did he pray)?' He replied, '(He prayed) Between these two pillars and then he came out and offered a two rak`at prayer in front of the Ka`ba.' " Abu `Abdullah said: Abu Huraira said, "The Prophet (p.b.u.h) advised me to offer two rak`at of Duha prayer (prayer to be offered after sunrise and before midday). " Itban (bin Malik) said, "Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) and Abu Bakr, came to me after sunrise and we aligned behind the Prophet (p.b.u.h) and offered two rak`at."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1171 |
| In-book reference | : Book 19, Hadith 50 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 21, Hadith 268 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu Bakr bin `Abdur Rahman Ibn Harith bin Hisham and Abu Salama bin `Abdur Rahman:
Abu Huraira used to say Takbir in all the prayers, compulsory and optional -- in the month of Ramadan or other months. He used to say Takbir on standing for prayer and on bowing; then he would say, "Sami`a l-lahu liman hamidah," and before prostrating he would say "Rabbana wa laka lhamd." Then he would say Takbir on prostrating and on raising his head from the prostration, then another Takbir on prostrating (for the second time), and on raising his head from the prostration. He also would say the Takbir on standing from the second rak`a. He used to do the same in every rak`a till he completed the prayer. On completion of the prayer, he would say, "By Him in Whose Hands my soul is! No doubt my prayer is closer to that of Allah's Apostle than yours, and this was His prayer till he left this world."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 803 |
| In-book reference | : Book 10, Hadith 198 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 768 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 2264 |
| In-book reference | : Book 22, Hadith 175 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 22, Hadith 2266 |
| مُتَّفَقٌ عَلَيْهِ (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Reference | : Mishkat al-Masabih 5847 |
| In-book reference | : Book 29, Hadith 105 |
| Grade: | Hasan (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 1944 |
| In-book reference | : Book 21, Hadith 127 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 21, Hadith 1946 |
'Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah's Apostle said, "Whoever gives two kinds (of things or property) in charity for Allah's Cause, will be called from the gates of Paradise and will be addressed, 'O slaves of Allah! Here is prosperity.' So, whoever was amongst the people who used to offer their prayers, will be called from the gate of the prayer; and whoever was amongst the people who used to participate in Jihad, will be called from the gate of Jihad; and whoever was amongst those who used to observe fasts, will be called from the gate of Ar-Raiyan; whoever was amongst those who used to give in charity, will be called from the gate of charity." Abu Bakr said, "Let my parents be sacrificed for you, O Allah's Apostle! No distress or need will befall him who will be called from those gates. Will there be any one who will be called from all these gates?" The Prophet replied, "Yes, and I hope you will be one of them."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1897 |
| In-book reference | : Book 30, Hadith 7 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 31, Hadith 121 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Thabit reported it on the authority of Anas:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 473 |
| In-book reference | : Book 4, Hadith 223 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 4, Hadith 957 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha reported that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) was shrouded in three cotton garments of white Yamani stuff from Sahul, among which was neither a shirt nor a turban; and so far as Hullah is concerned there was some doubt about it in the minds of people, that it was brought for him in order to shroud him with it, but it was abandoned, and he was shrouded in three cotton garments of white Yamani stuff from Sahul. Then 'Abdullah b. Abu Bakr got it and said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 941a |
| In-book reference | : Book 11, Hadith 57 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 4, Hadith 2052 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Abdullah, the freed slave of Asma' bint Abu Bakr (Allah be pleased with them), narrated that he used to hear Asma, ' whenever she passed by Hajun, saying (these words):
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1237 |
| In-book reference | : Book 15, Hadith 212 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 7, Hadith 2853 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Jabir b. 'Abdullah (Allah be pleased with them) reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1616a |
| In-book reference | : Book 23, Hadith 6 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 11, Hadith 3932 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 785 |
| In-book reference | : Book 10, Hadith 9 |
| English translation | : Vol. 1, Book 10, Hadith 786 |
| Grade: | Hasan (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4074 |
| In-book reference | : Book 37, Hadith 109 |
| English translation | : Vol. 5, Book 37, Hadith 4079 |
Abu Huraira reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) went out (of his house) one day or one night, and there he found Abu Bakr and 'Umar also. He said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 2038a |
| In-book reference | : Book 36, Hadith 187 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 23, Hadith 5055 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Da’if (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 3373 |
| In-book reference | : Book 48, Hadith 4 |
| English translation | : Vol. 6, Book 45, Hadith 3373 |
Narrated Anas:
On the day of the battle of Uhud, the people ran away, leaving the Prophet , but Abu- Talha was shielding the Prophet with his shield in front of him. Abu Talha was a strong, experienced archer who used to keep his arrow bow strong and well stretched. On that day he broke two or three arrow bows. If any man passed by carrying a quiver full of arrows, the Prophet would say to him, "Empty it in front of Abu Talha." When the Prophet stated looking at the enemy by raising his head, Abu Talha said, "O Allah's Prophet! Let my parents be sacrificed for your sake! Please don't raise your head and make it visible, lest an arrow of the enemy should hit you. Let my neck and chest be wounded instead of yours." (On that day) I saw `Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr and Um Sulaim both lifting their dresses up so that I was able to see the ornaments of their legs, and they were carrying the water skins of their arms to pour the water into the mouths of the thirsty people and then go back and fill them and come to pour the water into the mouths of the people again. (On that day) Abu Talha's sword fell from his hand twice or thrice.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 3811 |
| In-book reference | : Book 63, Hadith 36 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 5, Book 58, Hadith 156 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu Wail:
`Abdullah bin Masud said, "Allah's Apostle said, 'Whoever takes an oath when asked to do so, in which he may deprive a Muslim of his property unlawfully, will meet Allah Who will be angry with him.' So Allah revealed in confirmation of this statement:--"Verily! Those who Purchase a small gain at the cost of Allah's Covenant and oaths, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter..." (3.77) Then entered Al-Ash'ath bin Qais and said, "What is Abu `Abdur-Rahman narrating to you?" We replied, 'So-and-so." Al-Ash'ath said, "This Verse was revealed in my connection. I had a well in the land of my cousin (and he denied my, possessing it). On that the Prophet said to me, 'Either you bring forward a proof or he (i.e. your cousin) takes an oath (to confirm his claim)' I said, 'I am sure he would take a (false) oath, O Allah's Apostle.' He said, 'If somebody takes an oath when asked to do so through which he may deprive a Muslim of his property (unlawfully) and he is a liar in his oath, he will meet Allah Who will be angry with him.' "
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4549, 4550 |
| In-book reference | : Book 65, Hadith 72 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 6, Book 60, Hadith 72 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 2265 |
| In-book reference | : Book 22, Hadith 176 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 22, Hadith 2267 |
Ibn Abu Mulaika reported that al-Qasim b. Muhammad b. Abu Bakr had narrated to him that 'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported that Sahla bint Suhail b. 'Amr came to Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) and said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1453c |
| In-book reference | : Book 17, Hadith 35 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 8, Hadith 3426 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Abu Huraira narrated on the authority of Abu Bakr that the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 108a |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 203 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 1, Hadith 196 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 5413 |
| In-book reference | : Book 49, Hadith 35 |
| English translation | : Vol. 6, Book 49, Hadith 5415 |
Narrated Asma' bint Abu Bakr:
When Az-Zubair married me, he had no real property or any slave or anything else except a camel which drew water from the well, and his horse. I used to feed his horse with fodder and drew water and sew the bucket for drawing it, and prepare the dough, but I did not know how to bake bread. So our Ansari neighbors used to bake bread for me, and they were honorable ladies. I used to carry the date stones on my head from Zubair's land given to him by Allah's Apostle and this land was two third Farsakh (about two miles) from my house. One day, while I was coming with the date stones on my head, I met Allah's Apostle along with some Ansari people. He called me and then, (directing his camel to kneel down) said, "Ikh! Ikh!" so as to make me ride behind him (on his camel). I felt shy to travel with the men and remembered Az-Zubair and his sense of Ghira, as he was one of those people who had the greatest sense of Ghira. Allah's Apostle noticed that I felt shy, so he proceeded. I came to Az-Zubair and said, "I met Allah's Apostle while I was carrying a load of date stones on my head, and he had some companions with him. He made his camel kneel down so that I might ride, but I felt shy in his presence and remembered your sense of Ghira (See the glossary). On that Az-Zubair said, "By Allah, your carrying the date stones (and you being seen by the Prophet in such a state) is more shameful to me than your riding with him." (I continued serving in this way) till Abu Bakr sent me a servant to look after the horse, whereupon I felt as if he had set me free.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5224 |
| In-book reference | : Book 67, Hadith 157 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 7, Book 62, Hadith 151 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Hasan (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4071 |
| In-book reference | : Book 37, Hadith 106 |
| English translation | : Vol. 5, Book 37, Hadith 4076 |
Al-Bara' reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 2009b |
| In-book reference | : Book 36, Hadith 113 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 23, Hadith 4984 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Al-Qasim bin Muhammad:
`Aisha, (complaining of headache) said, "Oh, my head"! Allah's Apostle said, "I wish that had happened while I was still living, for then I would ask Allah's Forgiveness for you and invoke Allah for you." Aisha said, "Wa thuklayah! By Allah, I think you want me to die; and If this should happen, you would spend the last part of the day sleeping with one of your wives!" The Prophet said, "Nay, I should say, 'Oh my head!' I felt like sending for Abu Bakr and his son, and appoint him as my successor lest some people claimed something or some others wished something, but then I said (to myself), 'Allah would not allow it to be otherwise, and the Muslims would prevent it to be otherwise".
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5666 |
| In-book reference | : Book 75, Hadith 26 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 7, Book 70, Hadith 570 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |