`A'isha narrated (in another hadith narrated through another chain of transmitters) these words:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1321c |
| In-book reference | : Book 15, Hadith 400 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 7, Hadith 3034 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1459b |
| In-book reference | : Book 17, Hadith 51 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 8, Hadith 3440 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha, the wife of Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him), reported that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 2593 |
| In-book reference | : Book 45, Hadith 99 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 32, Hadith 6273 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 332c |
| In-book reference | : Book 3, Hadith 72 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 3, Hadith 649 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Hasan (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 2480 |
| In-book reference | : Book 23, Hadith 46 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 23, Hadith 2482 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 3505 |
| In-book reference | : Book 27, Hadith 117 |
| English translation | : Vol. 4, Book 27, Hadith 3535 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4728 |
| In-book reference | : Book 45, Hadith 23 |
| English translation | : Vol. 5, Book 45, Hadith 4732 |
Narrated Ibn `Abbas:
The Prophet set out with the intention of going to Suq `Ukaz (market of `Ukaz) along with some of his companions. At the same time, a barrier was put between the devils and the news of heaven. Fire commenced to be thrown at them. The Devils went to their people, who asked them, "What is wrong with you?" They said, "A barrier has been placed between us and the news of heaven. And fire has been thrown at us." They said, "The thing which has put a barrier between you and the news of heaven must be something which has happened recently. Go eastward and westward and see what has put a barrier between you and the news of heaven." Those who went towards Tuhama came across the Prophet at a place called Nakhla and it was on the way to Suq `Ukaz and the Prophet was offering the Fajr prayer with his companions. When they heard the Qur'an they listened to it and said, "By Allah, this is the thing which has put a barrier between us and the news of heaven." They went to their people and said, "O our people; verily we have heard a wonderful recital (Qur'an) which shows the true path; we believed in it and would not ascribe partners to our Lord." Allah revealed the following verses to his Prophet (Sura 'Jinn') (72): "Say: It has been revealed to me." And what was revealed to him was the conversation of the Jinns.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 773 |
| In-book reference | : Book 10, Hadith 167 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 12, Hadith 740 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Urwa on the authority of `Aisha:
On the days of Mina, (11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah) Abu Bakr came to her while two young girls were beating the tambourine and the Prophet was lying covered with his clothes. Abu Bakr scolded them and the Prophet uncovered his face and said to Abu Bakr, "Leave them, for these days are the days of `Id and the days of Mina." `Aisha further said, "Once the Prophet was screening me and I was watching the display of black slaves in the Mosque and (`Umar) scolded them. The Prophet said, 'Leave them. O Bani Arfida! (carry on), you are safe (protected)'."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 987, 988 |
| In-book reference | : Book 13, Hadith 36 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 15, Hadith 103 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Amra:
Aisha said, "the Prophet used to practice I`tikaf in the last ten days of Ramadan and I used to pitch a tent for him, and after offering the morning prayer, he used to enter the tent." Hafsa asked the permission of `Aisha to pitch a tent for her and she allowed her and she pitched her tent. When Zainab bint Jahsh saw it, she pitched another tent. In the morning the Prophet noticed the tents. He said, 'What is this?" He was told of the whole situation. Then the Prophet said, "Do you think that they intended to do righteousness by doing this?" He therefore abandoned the I`tikaf in that month and practiced I`tikaf for ten days in the month of Shawwal."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2033 |
| In-book reference | : Book 33, Hadith 8 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 33, Hadith 249 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
That during the Mina days, Abu Bakr came to her, while there where two girls with her, beating drums, and the Prophet was (lying) covering himself with his garment. Abu Bakr rebuked the two girls, but the Prophet uncovered his face and said, "O Abu Bakr! Leave them, for these are the days of Id (festival)." Those days were the days of Mina-. `Aisha added, "I was being screened by the Prophet while I was watching the Ethiopians playing in the Mosque. `Umar rebuked them, but the Prophet said, "Leave them, O Bani Arfida! Play. (for) you are safe."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 3529, 3530 |
| In-book reference | : Book 61, Hadith 39 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 4, Book 56, Hadith 730 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
The Prophet used to talk so clearly that if somebody wanted to count the number of his words, he could do so. Narrated `Urwa bin Az-Zubair: `Aisha said (to me), "Don't you wonder at Abu so-and-so who came and sat by my dwelling and started relating the traditions of Allah's Apostle intending to let me hear that, while I was performing an optional prayer. He left before I finished my optional prayer. Had I found him still there. I would have said to him, 'Allah's Apostle never talked so quickly and vaguely as you do.' "
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 3567, 3568 |
| In-book reference | : Book 61, Hadith 77 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 4, Book 56, Hadith 768 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Masruq:
We went to `Aisha while Hassan bin Thabit was with her reciting poetry to her from some of his poetic verses, saying "A chaste wise lady about whom nobody can have suspicion. She gets up with an empty stomach because she never eats the flesh of indiscreet (ladies)." `Aisha said to him, "But you are not like that." I said to her, "Why do you grant him admittance, though Allah said:-- "and as for him among them, who had the greater share therein, his will be a severe torment." (24.11) On that, `Aisha said, "And what punishment is more than blinding?" She, added, "Hassan used to defend or say poetry on behalf of Allah's Apostle (against the infidels).
حَصَانٌ رَزَانٌ مَا تُزَنُّ بِرِيبَةٍ وَتُصْبِحُ غَرْثَى مِنْ لُحُومِ الْغَوَافِلِ
فَقَالَتْ لَهُ عَائِشَةُ لَكِنَّكَ لَسْتَ كَذَلِكَ. قَالَ مَسْرُوقٌ فَقُلْتُ لَهَا لِمَ تَأْذَنِينَ لَهُ أَنْ يَدْخُلَ عَلَيْكِ. وَقَدْ قَالَ اللَّهُ تَعَالَى {وَالَّذِي تَوَلَّى كِبْرَهُ مِنْهُمْ لَهُ عَذَابٌ عَظِيمٌ}. فَقَالَتْ وَأَىُّ عَذَابٍ أَشَدُّ مِنَ الْعَمَى. قَالَتْ لَهُ إِنَّهُ كَانَ يُنَافِحُ ـ أَوْ يُهَاجِي ـ عَنْ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4146 |
| In-book reference | : Book 64, Hadith 190 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 5, Book 59, Hadith 467 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Mujahid:
`Urwa and I entered the Mosque and found `Abdullah bin `Umar sitting beside the dwelling place of `Aisha. `Urwa asked (Ibn `Umar), "How many `Umras did the Prophet perform?" Ibn `Umar replied, "Four, one of which was in Rajab." Then we heard `Aisha brushing her teeth whereupon `Urwa said, "O mother of the believers! Don't you hear what Abu `Abdur-Rahman is saying? He is saying that the Prophet performed four `Umra, one of which was in Rajab." `Aisha said, "The Prophet did not perform any `Umra but he (i.e. Ibn `Umar) witnessed it. And he (the Prophet ) never did any `Umra in (the month of) Rajab."
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 4253, 4254 |
| In-book reference | : Book 64, Hadith 288 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 5, Book 59, Hadith 555 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Al-Qasim bin Muhammad:
`Aisha, (complaining of headache) said, "Oh, my head"! Allah's Apostle said, "I wish that had happened while I was still living, for then I would ask Allah's Forgiveness for you and invoke Allah for you." Aisha said, "Wa thuklayah! By Allah, I think you want me to die; and If this should happen, you would spend the last part of the day sleeping with one of your wives!" The Prophet said, "Nay, I should say, 'Oh my head!' I felt like sending for Abu Bakr and his son, and appoint him as my successor lest some people claimed something or some others wished something, but then I said (to myself), 'Allah would not allow it to be otherwise, and the Muslims would prevent it to be otherwise".
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 5666 |
| In-book reference | : Book 75, Hadith 26 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 7, Book 70, Hadith 570 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
Allah, the brother of Abu Al-Qu'ais asked my permission to enter after the verses of Al-Hijab (veiling the ladies) was revealed, and I said, "By Allah, I will not admit him unless I take permission of Allah's Apostle for it was not the brother of Al-Qu'ais who had suckled me, but it was the wife of Al-Qu'ais, who had suckled me." Then Allah's Apostle entered upon me, and I said, "O Allah's Apostle! The man has not nursed me but his wife has nursed me." He said, "Admit him because he is your uncle (not from blood relation, but because you have been nursed by his wife), Taribat Yaminuki." `Urwa said, "Because of this reason, ' Aisha used to say: Foster suckling relations render all those things (marriages etc.) illegal which are illegal because of the corresponding blood relations." (See Hadith No. 36, Vol. 7)
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 6156 |
| In-book reference | : Book 78, Hadith 182 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 8, Book 73, Hadith 177 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
There was a leather or wood container full of water in front of Allah's Apostle (at the time of his death). He would put his hand into the water and rub his face with it, saying, "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah! No doubt, death has its stupors." Then he raised his hand and started saying, "(O Allah!) with the highest companions." (See Qur'an 4:69) (and kept on saying it) till he expired and his hand dropped."
قَالَ أَبُو عَبْد اللَّهِ الْعُلْبَةُ مِنْ الْخَشَبِ وَالرَّكْوَةُ مِنْ الْأَدَمِ
.| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 6510 |
| In-book reference | : Book 81, Hadith 99 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 8, Book 76, Hadith 517 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated Abu Maryam `Abdullah bin Ziyad Al-Aasadi:
When Talha, AzZubair and `Aisha moved to Basra, `Ali sent `Ammar bin Yasir and Hasan bin `Ali who came to us at Kufa and ascended the pulpit. Al-Hasan bin `Ali was at the top of the pulpit and `Ammar was below Al-Hasan. We all gathered before him. I heard `Ammar saying, "`Aisha has moved to Al-Busra. By Allah! She is the wife of your Prophet in this world and in the Hereafter. But Allah has put you to test whether you obey Him (Allah) or her (`Aisha).
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 7100 |
| In-book reference | : Book 92, Hadith 51 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 9, Book 88, Hadith 220 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 166 |
| In-book reference | : Book 2, Hadith 18 |
| English translation | : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 166 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2962 |
| In-book reference | : Book 47, Hadith 14 |
| English translation | : Vol. 5, Book 44, Hadith 2962 |
'A'isha the wife of the Apostle (may peace be upon him) narrated:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 314a |
| In-book reference | : Book 3, Hadith 36 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 3, Hadith 612 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) saying:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 947 |
| In-book reference | : Book 11, Hadith 76 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 4, Hadith 2071 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Umm 'Atiyya, said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1076 |
| In-book reference | : Book 12, Hadith 227 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 5, Hadith 2356 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'Abdullah b. Zubair (Allah be pleased with him) reported on the authority of his mother's sister ('A'isha) saying that Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1333e |
| In-book reference | : Book 15, Hadith 448 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 7, Hadith 3082 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1423a |
| In-book reference | : Book 16, Hadith 85 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 8, Hadith 3312 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
It is narrated on the authority of 'A'isha who said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1758 |
| In-book reference | : Book 32, Hadith 60 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 19, Hadith 4351 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha reported that she heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 2859a |
| In-book reference | : Book 53, Hadith 67 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 40, Hadith 6844 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 2951 |
| In-book reference | : Book 24, Hadith 334 |
| English translation | : Vol. 3, Book 24, Hadith 2954 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 4026 |
| In-book reference | : Book 37, Hadith 61 |
| English translation | : Vol. 5, Book 37, Hadith 4031 |
| Grade: | Da'if (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 5191 |
| In-book reference | : Book 48, Hadith 152 |
| English translation | : Vol. 6, Book 48, Hadith 5194 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 324 |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 325 |
| English translation | : Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 325 |
'A'isha, the Mother of the Believers (Allah be pleased with her), reported that one day the Messenger of Allah may peace be upon him) said to me:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1154a |
| In-book reference | : Book 13, Hadith 220 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 6, Hadith 2573 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
It is narrated on the authority of Abu Sa'id al-Khudri:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 183b |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 360 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 1, Hadith 353 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Arabic reference | : Book 18, Hadith 1848 |
| Arabic reference | : Book 63, Hadith 8571 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Al-Albani) | صحيح (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Reference | : Sunan Abi Dawud 4400 |
| In-book reference | : Book 40, Hadith 50 |
| English translation | : Book 39, Hadith 4386 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Al-Albani) | صحيح (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Reference | : Sunan Abi Dawud 5160 |
| In-book reference | : Book 43, Hadith 388 |
| English translation | : Book 42, Hadith 5141 |
| Grade: | Da'if (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 184 |
| In-book reference | : Book 2, Hadith 36 |
| English translation | : Vol. 1, Book 2, Hadith 184 |
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلاَنَ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، عَنْ فُرَاتٍ، نَحْوَهُ وَزَادَ فِيهِ " الدُّخَانَ " .
حَدَّثَنَا هَنَّادٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ فُرَاتٍ الْقَزَّازِ، نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ وَكِيعٍ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ، .
حَدَّثَنَا مَحْمُودُ بْنُ غَيْلاَنَ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَالْمَسْعُودِيِّ، سَمِعَا مِنْ، فُرَاتٍ الْقَزَّازِ نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ عَنْ فُرَاتٍ وَزَادَ فِيهِ " الدَّجَّالَ أَوِ الدُّخَانَ " .
حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو مُوسَى، مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْمُثَنَّى حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو النُّعْمَانِ الْحَكَمُ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ الْعِجْلِيُّ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، عَنْ فُرَاتٍ، نَحْوَ حَدِيثِ أَبِي دَاوُدَ عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، وَزَادَ، فِيهِ قَالَ " وَالْعَاشِرَةُ إِمَّا رِيحٌ تَطْرَحُهُمْ فِي الْبَحْرِ وَإِمَّا نُزُولُ عِيسَى ابْنِ مَرْيَمَ " . قَالَ أَبُو عِيسَى وَفِي الْبَابِ عَنْ عَلِيٍّ وَأَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ وَأُمِّ سَلَمَةَ وَصَفِيَّةَ بِنْتِ حُيَىٍّ . وَهَذَا حَدِيثٌ حَسَنٌ صَحِيحٌ
.| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Jami` at-Tirmidhi 2183 |
| In-book reference | : Book 33, Hadith 26 |
| English translation | : Vol. 4, Book 7, Hadith 2183 |
Narrated `Aisha and Um Salama:
At times Allah's Apostle used to get up in the morning in the state of Janaba after having sexual relations with his wives. He would then take a bath and fast.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1925, 1926 |
| In-book reference | : Book 30, Hadith 34 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 3, Book 31, Hadith 148 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Aisha:
We went out with Allah's Apostle on one of his journeys till we reached Al-Baida or Dhatul-Jaish where my necklace got broken (and lost). Allah's Apostle stopped to search for it and the people too stopped with him. There was no water at that place and they had no water with them. So they went to Abu Bakr and said, "Don't you see what `Aisha has done? She has made Allah's Apostle and the people stop where there is no water and they have no water with them. Abu Bakr came while Allah's Apostle was sleeping with his head on my thigh and said, "You detained Allah Apostle and the people where there is no water and they have no water." He then admonished me and said what Allah wished and pinched me at my flanks with his hands, but I did not move because the head of Allah's Apostle was on my thigh . Allah's Apostle kept on sleeping till be got up in the morning and found no water. Then Allah revealed the Divine Verse of Tayammum, and the people performed Tayammum. Usaid bin AlHudair said. "O family of Abu Bakr! This is not the first blessings of yours." We urged the camel on which I was sitting to get up from its place and the necklace was found under it.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 3672 |
| In-book reference | : Book 62, Hadith 22 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 5, Book 57, Hadith 21 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Arabic reference | : Book 3, Hadith 6367 |
Abu Dawud said: This is operative in the obligatory prayer.
| Grade: | Sahih (Al-Albani) | صحيح (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Reference | : Sunan Abi Dawud 940 |
| In-book reference | : Book 2, Hadith 551 |
| English translation | : Book 2, Hadith 940 |
'A'isha the wife of the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) reported. A person asked the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) about one who has sexual intercourse with his wife and parts away (without orgasm) whether bathing is obligatory for him. 'A'isha was sitting by him. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 350 |
| In-book reference | : Book 3, Hadith 108 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 3, Hadith 685 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
'A'isha (Allah be pleased with her) reported:
| Reference | : Sahih Muslim 1106d |
| In-book reference | : Book 13, Hadith 82 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Book 6, Hadith 2439 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
| Grade: | Sahih li ghairih (Al-Albani) | صحيح لغيره (الألباني) | حكم : |
| Reference | : Sunan Abi Dawud 4453 |
| In-book reference | : Book 40, Hadith 103 |
| English translation | : Book 39, Hadith 4438 |
| Grade: | Sahih (Darussalam) |
| Reference | : Sunan an-Nasa'i 3980 |
| In-book reference | : Book 37, Hadith 15 |
| English translation | : Vol. 5, Book 37, Hadith 3985 |
Narrated `Aisha:
One of the mothers of the faithful believers (i.e. the wives of the Prophet ) did I`tikaf while she was having bleeding in between her periods.
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 311 |
| In-book reference | : Book 6, Hadith 16 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 6, Hadith 308 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated 'Aisha:
(the mother of the faithful believers) Al-Harith bin Hisham asked Allah's Apostle "O Allah's Apostle! How is the Divine Inspiration revealed to you?" Allah's Apostle replied, "Sometimes it is (revealed) like the ringing of a bell, this form of Inspiration is the hardest of all and then this state passes off after I have grasped what is inspired. Sometimes the Angel comes in the form of a man and talks to me and I grasp whatever he says." 'Aisha added: Verily I saw the Prophet being inspired divinely on a very cold day and noticed the sweat dropping from his forehead (as the Inspiration was over).
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 2 |
| In-book reference | : Book 1, Hadith 2 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 1, Book 1, Hadith 2 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |
Narrated `Amra:
I heard `Aisha saying, "We set out (from Medina) along with Allah's Apostle five days before the end of Dhul-Qa'da with the intention of performing Hajj only. When we approached Mecca, Allah's Apostle ordered those who had no Hadi along with them to finish the lhram after performing Tawaf of the Ka`ba, (Safa and Marwa). `Aisha added, "Beef was brought to us on the Day of Nahr and I said, 'What is this?' Somebody said, 'The Prophet has slaughtered (cows) on behalf of his wives.' "
| Reference | : Sahih al-Bukhari 1720 |
| In-book reference | : Book 25, Hadith 198 |
| USC-MSA web (English) reference | : Vol. 2, Book 26, Hadith 778 |
| (deprecated numbering scheme) |