مسند أحمد بن حنبل
3
Musnad Ahmad ibn Hanbal
(23)
Chapter: Musnad al-Rubayyiʿ bint Muʿawwidh ibn ʿAfrāʾ (may Allah be pleased with her)
(23)
مُسْنَدُ الرُّبَيِّعِ بِنْتِ مُعَوِّذِ بْنِ عَفْرَاءَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهَا
Three-Narrator Ahadith 265
Al-Rubayyiʿ bint Muʿawwidh ibn ʿAfrāʾ (may Allah be pleased with her) reported, in answer to a question about fasting on ʿĀshūrāʾ:
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said on the day of ʿĀshūrāʾ, “Who among you began the day fasting?” They said, “Some of us are fasting, some are not.” He ﷺ said, “Then complete the rest of your day, and send word to those around Madīnah that they too should complete the rest of their day.”
Reference:
Musnad Aḥmad 265
حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَاصِمٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنَا خَالِدُ بْنُ ذَكْوَانَ، قَالَ: سَأَلْتُ الرُّبَيِّعَ بِنْتَ مُعَوِّذِ ابْنِ عَفْرَاءَ عَنْ صَوْمِ عَاشُورَاءَ، فَقَالَتْ: قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ: «مَنْ أَصْبَحَ مِنْكُمْ صَائِمًا؟» قَالُوا: مِنَّا الصَّائِمُ وَمِنَّا الْمُفْطِرُ. قَالَ: «فَأَتِمُّوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِكُمْ، وَأَرْسِلُوا إِلَى مَنْ حَوْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ فَلْيُتِمُّوا بَقِيَّةَ يَوْمِهِمْ
| Grade: | Ḍaʿīf |
due to the weakness of ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim, one of its transmitters.
Chain: ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim al-Wāsiṭī → Khālid ibn Dhakwān → al-Rubayyiʿ bint Muʿawwidh ibn ʿAfrāʾ (may Allah be pleased with her). Rijāl: (1) ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim: ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim ibn Ṣuhayb al-Wāsiṭī (d. 201 AH); ḍaʿīf (weak) owing to frequent errors, despite his piety. (2) Khālid ibn Dhakwān al-Anṣārī: ṣadūq, with some critics noting minor imprecision. (3) Al-Rubayyiʿ: al-Rubayyiʿ bint Muʿawwidh ibn ʿAfrāʾ; Companion woman of the Anṣār; her father Muʿawwidh was martyred at Badr. Takhrīj: this same matn is transmitted through a sounder chain in Muslim (1136), directly from al-Rubayyiʿ, meaning the report is ṣaḥīḥ overall despite the weakness of this particular chain through ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim. Commentary: This ḥadīth documents an early transitional period in the legislation of fasting, before Ramaḍān was made obligatory, ʿĀshūrāʾ fasting was instructed even for those who had already eaten that morning, illustrating how the community adapted incrementally to new obligations, later becoming a recommended (rather than obligatory) fast once Ramaḍān was prescribed.
Chain: ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim al-Wāsiṭī → Khālid ibn Dhakwān → al-Rubayyiʿ bint Muʿawwidh ibn ʿAfrāʾ (may Allah be pleased with her). Rijāl: (1) ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim: ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim ibn Ṣuhayb al-Wāsiṭī (d. 201 AH); ḍaʿīf (weak) owing to frequent errors, despite his piety. (2) Khālid ibn Dhakwān al-Anṣārī: ṣadūq, with some critics noting minor imprecision. (3) Al-Rubayyiʿ: al-Rubayyiʿ bint Muʿawwidh ibn ʿAfrāʾ; Companion woman of the Anṣār; her father Muʿawwidh was martyred at Badr. Takhrīj: this same matn is transmitted through a sounder chain in Muslim (1136), directly from al-Rubayyiʿ, meaning the report is ṣaḥīḥ overall despite the weakness of this particular chain through ʿAlī ibn ʿĀṣim. Commentary: This ḥadīth documents an early transitional period in the legislation of fasting, before Ramaḍān was made obligatory, ʿĀshūrāʾ fasting was instructed even for those who had already eaten that morning, illustrating how the community adapted incrementally to new obligations, later becoming a recommended (rather than obligatory) fast once Ramaḍān was prescribed.
| Reference | : Three-Narrator Ahadith 265 |
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